Active Passive Integration:
1.Active Seatbelt Systems:
For example, sensors may detect when a vehicle is following too closely and slow down the vehicle, straighten seat backs, and tighten seat belts, to avoid or prepare for a crash. Active Seatbelt Systems utilize a motor that retracts seat belt webbing in critical situations before a crash occurs. The active seat belt can be activated using data from active safety systems, such. as the Electronic Stability Control or Brake Assist systems. It can also be triggered by data from environmental sensors, such as radar that provides the relative speed and distance to the vehicles ahead. Once activated, it puts front seat occupants in a better position by keeping them closer to the seat and lessening the forward movement of the body and is a great example of the integration of active and passive safety systems.
2. Early adopter Continental, contends its Active Passive Integration Approach (APIA), which links existing active safety devices such as ABS, Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and ESC with passive safety systems such as seatbelts and airbags, can prevent crashes before they occur. APIA enables up to 22 safety components and systems on a car to rapidly exchange data about the activities of the driver, the behavior of the vehicle and the status of the driving environment. For instance, a "closing velocity" sensor detects nearby events or objects that could cause an accident, such as a vehicle ahead suddenly braking.
A "danger control module" computes the hazard potential and, if an accident appears imminent, initiates a staged response to minimize its severity. The driver gets a visual or "haptic" warning (accelerator pedal vibration), seatbelts are pulled taut, windows and sunroof close automatically, the brake system is pre-pressurized and front seats are brought to the ideal position for airbag deployment.
3. Over time Mercedes-Benz has extended the range of features to include additional functionality, such as the PRE-SAFE impulse side function. Unlike in a frontal collision, there is only a limited crumple zone available in the event of a side impact, so to increase the size of the zone, the occupants in the danger area are moved away from the door and towards the centre of the vehicle just before the impact.
To do this, the system inflates air chambers in the side bolsters of the backrest within a fraction of a second of an imminent side impact being detected. The inflated chamber moves the occupant to the side, away from the danger area and towards the vehicle centre, thus increasing the distance between the passenger and the door.
To further reduce the side-effeets of collision Mercedes-Benz makes use of the body's natural reflex to prepare the occupants' ears for the loud noise experienced during an accident: A muscle in the ear, known as the stapedius, reacts to loud noises reflexively by contracting, briefly changing the link between the eardrum and the inner ear, thereby providing great" protection against high sound pressuresMercedes-Benz uses this natural reflex as a biomechanical ear protection for the PRE-SAFE Sound innovation. By emitting short interference signal through the vehicle's sound system the stapedius' reflex is triggered, Which prepares the ears for the noise and thus lessens the risk of hearing discomfort or damage.
So while in the past, road users were expected to take complete responsibility for safety concepts such Vision Zero are gradually shifting the emphasis or safety to underlying ethical, principles that propose "it can never be ethically acceptable that people are killed or seriously injured when moving within the road transport system."
Responding to this concept where responsibility is shared by transportation system designers 'vehicle manufacturers and road users, OEMs are stepping UP to the plate by making sure integrated passive and active systems offer passengers the best protection at all times; whether actively avoiding an accident or using 'smart' integrated systems to limit injury to occupants in the event of an accident. .
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